Gender and nasal shape was evaluated and measures were obtained for the nose, differences between males and females" by authors Ingo N. Springer, M.D., D.M.D., Ph.D. of University of Kiel Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery and partners. This article was printed in the Plastic and Reconstructive Journal of the Society of Plastic Surgeons. According to this article, because gender specific nasal shapes are recommended for rhinoplasty, the study was setup to clarify if in fact there are truly gender related differences in the nasal area and to determine the optimal nasal shapes in the Caucasian population. According to the study, "optimal" female noses showed a horizontally and vertically lower nasion and were concave to straight in profile in the area of the dorsum as compared to "optimal" male noses which had a vertically and horizontally higher nasion and a straight profile. A supratip break was not found in any of the composites. The conclusion was that gender related differences in nasal shape appear to be subtle, nasion position being one of the main factors. A nasal hump and a supratip break are not desirable.
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